Un. 10 Reflection

In Unit 10 , we learned about the different systems that help the body function, which included Homeostasis, Nervous System, Digestive system, Circulatory system, Respiratory system, Endocrine System, and Lymphatic System with Inflammatory Response. The Homeostasis vodcast talks about different ways our body maintains a constant temperature, using Positive(above set point) or Negative Feedback(above or below set point), and whether it is a Behavioral or Physiologial response. Also, it explains the difference of Thermoregulation( temperature rises and temperature decreases depending on body temp.) and Osmoregulation(keeping osmiality in blood). Differentiation is surpassing several genes, and Apoptosis is death of cells, and  we use Circadian Response to respond to time.

Next, we learned about the Nervous System which contains Central Nervous System(brain and its' stem, spinal cord,sensing stimuli) and Peripheral Nervous System(Crinal Nerves, Spinal Nerves). The Central Nervous System contains the cerebrum(thought, movement), Dicephalon(coordinates with endocrine system, Cerebellum(Calculates force & direction of muscle contraction), and brain stem which controls the reflexes, and other basic life functions. Spinal cords in the PNS controls reflexes with sensory neuron sending its' impulses, and eventually directs impulse to motor neuron. Neurons then, have 3 types, Sensory(Carry nerve impulses from sensory receptors in body to CNS), Association(Carry impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons), and Motor Neurons(Carry nerve impulses from CNS to muscles and glands). They contains a Cell body, Dendrites, Axon and its' terminal, Schwann Cells, and Synapse.  The action potential is through neuron in an electrical impulse which reaches the Axon terminal, and Neurotransmitters being released to synapse in order to stimulate next cell; many disorders are associated to Neurotransmitters.

Then, we learned about the Endocrine System, which was releasing hormones and controls all body functions. They travel through the circulatory system and affects cells with matching receptors. Glands produce hormones and synthesize a substance for releasing the bloodstream using the Hormonal Domino Effect. The glands include the Hypothalamus(Links Nervous system to Endocrince System via pitutary gland to control body temp.), Pituary(receives instructions from Hypotalamus), Thyroid( absorbs iodine and regulates growth & structure of bones and other functions, Parathyroid(releases hormones regulating calcium levels), Adrenal(releases Epinephine(Increases Heart rate) and Cortisol(stress hormone), and Pancreas which releases Insulin and Glucagon that helps with the Positive and the Negative Feedback.

After the Endocrine System, we learned abut the Digestive Sytstem, which we use to digest our food and nutrients, mainly water,carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals(inorganic molecules) and vitamins(organic molecules). The digestion occurs mechanically(breaking food into digestive chunks using muscle contraction), and chemically(breaking food into digestible pieces using extreme PH). We use Peristalsis to move food through stomach and use mouth to digest carbohydrates, stomach to digest proteins, and small intestine to digest fats and sugars, with most of the digestion in the duodenum of small intestine(absorption of nutrients using folded lining, villi, and microvilli). Large intestine absorbs water which is stored through the Rectum and eliminates solid waste through the Anus. Good bacteria keeps good health, and protects gene expression and vitamin biosynthesis and absorption.

Next is the Immune System where it protects pathogens entering the body. It includes Innate Immunity(Rapid Response, Animals) and Adaptive Immunity( Only vertebrates, slower response). Pathogens can be transferred by direct or indirect contact with body. They are defended first nonspecifically(Skin, Mucus), and specifically second)Immune System). All cells communicate each other using surface proteins, which includes Antigens and Receptors. Immune cells determine "self" from nonself" and pathogens contain antigens to bond cells and infect our body. Phagocytes engulf the pathogens and other bacteria. Natural killer cells kill pathogens and cause lysis or apotosis. In every pathogen, comes same nonspecific response.  However, two specific immune reponses which are last defenses to pathogens include Humoral Immunity (B-cells produce antibodies), and Celluar Immunity ( T-cells destroy infected blood cells)

Finally is the Lymphatic System and Inflammatory Reponse where they collect waste& blood from tissues. They include nodes that are filled with white blood cells to fight infection, as their Celluar Defenses, and Mast cells, that release Histamine(Chemical opens capillaries & causes muscle contraction) during inflammatory response, which is part of innate immunity. There are 3 types of Inflammatory Responses, which are Acute local, which pathogens enter body at specific spot and body focuses attack at one spot,  Systematic( Foreign substances get into bloodstream, and spread throughout body and releases full scale attack with immune cells, and Chronic- Sytemic which fights foreign substances in body on top of normal inflammatory response, resulting that it cannot do its' job well, causing serious diseases. Finally food irritate epithelial cells through Acute Inflammation to Gut Permeability to Chronic Inflammation.

I want to learn more deeper into all the systems and more of the impacts on our Anatomical Body so I would take Human Anatomy Class. I still question and wonder whether if I will finish strong in Biology?

I thought this whole year went pretty well as in the beginning of the 1st semester,  I was just adjusting to High School Biology and how it was a big difference from 7th Grade Biology.  As I kept writing my Blogger posts in Biology, I improved more upon being creative and really explaining the experience I had in Biology and the many fun projects from the Jean Lab to the Pig Dissection.  First Semester, I ended up with a 92, A- , which was not bad but I wanted to improve my grade the next semester by preparing more on the Unit Tests, and understanding the vodcasts and going over the CFUs'. Eventually this helped my grade as right now I am currently at a 95 ,A. This is an improvement I am very proud of but I need to keep studying hard because the grade can change any time after a test is taken.
My Favorite Blog Posts: http://jonathanlishs.blogspot.com/2016/05/pig-dissection-relate-and-review.html, http://jonathanlishs.blogspot.com/2015/12/human-dna-extraction-lab.html. I chose these blog posts because these were my favorite topics to write about, but best blog posts out of both semesters.

Pig Dissection Relate and Review

In the Pig Dissection, we used the knowledge of External Anatomy, Digestive System, Respiratory System, Circulatory System, Endocrine System, Immune System,  and Urinary and Reproductive systems and answered how do all these systems apply to the Pig's anatomical structure. The External anatomy(the easiest to identify) included the External Ear, Eyelid, Wrist, Shoulder, Digits, Ankle, hip, tail,umbilical chord, thoracic and abdominal cavity, along with the gender of the pig which was a female. Digestive System(to eat) includes the mouth, incisor teeth, canine teeth, tongue, papillae, hard and soft palates, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, large and small intestine, rectum and anus. The dissection for the Digestive organs is the longest because of how we need to first cut it body, break the pig's throat and mouth open. The Respiratory System(to breathe) includes the nostrils, larynx, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm. The parts were also as easy to identify. For the Endocrine System(Control hormones), it includes the cervical and thoracic thymus portions, thyroid, and spleen, which were parts very hard to identify that we could only find the pig;s thyroid and spleen. The Circulatory(transports materials throughout body) includes the heart organs (right and left auricles, and right and left ventricles, and the vessels(Coronary Artery, Aorta, Superior and Inferior vena cava, Umbilical arteries and veins, and Renal arteries and veins. The coronary artery took the most time to identify. Then the Urogenital (Excretes waste) included the kidney, ureter bladder, and since our pig was a female, an ovary, uterine horn, uterus, vagina, and genital papillae, which are used when they give birth to young pigs. My favorite part of the dissection was cutting the pig's body and being able to observe the many parts that are same shaped in humans such as the digestive organs.Pig Dissections are always very valuable since they just increase our understanding of how human body systems are also similar to the animal body systems. This whole lab relates to the last few vodcasts before the Lymphatic and Inflammatory vodcast, which included the Nervous, Endocrine,Digestive, Immune, Respiratory and Circulatory system vodcasts.

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Part 2:                    

20 Time Final Post: Hybrid Vehicles

Today, I shared why Hybrid vehicles are important to our environment, in order for people to know the importance of Hybrid Vehicles.

My video

My Ted talk went well with using the infographic to explain the benefits of Hybrid Vehicles. I also thought I did not pause during my 20 Time Ted Talk and had the talk between the 4-5 minute range. However, I have to improve on putting fewer words on the visual but have more to say for the Ted Talk. In other words, I need to let my words drive the Talk and not the visual. Also, I should have come with more testing on the hybrid vehicles like their overall mileage, and the emissions that they release. Instead of creating an infographic for my Ted talk, I should have created a Prezi since Prezi allows to zoom in easier to what I am going to talk about than the infographic. Prezi is also easier to present its' slides and showcase the product better than my easel.ly infographic. When I watched the video, I would give a 72out of 75,  since I need people to hear my talk, not the visual,  but I thought that I already stated the goal of my presentation before giving the Infographic. Preparing the Ted talk was not stressful at all, including the day of the presentation where I showcased my 20 time talk, but the feedback of the audience was a little bit nerve-whacking. I grown from this Ted talk by knowing next time to put less words, but more talking on the day of presentation.  By listening other Ted Talks, I felt that people did more better than me because they put more images on their visual which causes them to talk more(lecturing) than talking off from the presentation. Overall, I did well on my 20 time Ted Talk but there is still lots of lessons for me to learn from this.

20 Time Individual Reflection

I thought that my 20 time project on Hybrid vehicles was a very fun and a memorable experience, because I am interested into making our environment greener. One of these obvious ways we can help our environment is by driving Hybrid Vehicles. Each week, I challenged myself to discover ways of how hybrid vehicles are benefit to our environment. The goal of this 20-time project was to eventually convince others to driving hybrid vehicles for the sake of the Earth's environment . In order to explain the benefits of Hybrid Vehicles, I created an Infographic that will help others gain the big picture of how hybrid vehicles can be beneficial. It went very smooth but there were several concepts I had to learn about hybrid vehicles such as that its' engine is composed of gas and electricity motors and what is the function of horsepower in each hybrid vehicles. I learned from this hybrid vehicle project that to not spend time on preparing my Hybrid Vehicle Ted Talk earlier in the 2nd semester, but to come with more ways of "how hybrid vehicles are beneficial?" If I did 20-time again, then I would still go back to the Hybrid vehicles and focus more globally of how hybrid vehicles are beneficial. Therefore, the new question I would need to solve is "How Hybrid Vehicles are beneficial globally?" I would share this to many people as possible that want to preserve our environment

Unit 9 Reflection

In this unit, we learned about "What on Earth Evolved?" In the beginning of this unit, we were learning about the taxonomic levels in the Classification and Evolutionary  Relationships vodcast, which were Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. We also learned about Binomial Nomenclature, which are Genus and Species names. The first letter of the Genus name is capitalized while the first letter of the Species name is lower-cased, and eventually both words need to be italicized.  Next, we learned about the 3 Domain System which includes Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria. Eukarya includes four kingdoms, which are Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protist. Kingdom Protista are unicelluar or multicelluar, Kingdom Plantae is nonvascular and vascular, Kingdom Fungi are heterotrophic decomposers, and Kingdom Animalia are multicelluar heterotrophs. Archae lives near hydrothermal vents, and hot springs, while bacteria contains actinomycetes which produce antibiotics and can be symbiotic and cyano.

  In the Bacteria Viruses Vodcast we learned how bacterial cells contain peptidoglycan, which is a network of sugar polymers cross-lined by polypeptides.  If the peptidoglycan has greater amount on simpler walls, then it is Gram-positive bacteria while if petidoglycan has less amount on simpler walls, then it is gram-negative bacteria.  We also talked about the mobility of bacteria which is  by flagella that they scatter about the surface or concentrated at both ends, and its' importance. In addition, we learned how viruses are small infectious particles that consists nucleic acid enclosing protein coat and the membraneous envelope, and how their genomes consist of RNA or DNA.

Then we go in deeper learning about plants and fungi. Plants are autotrophic, and they contain a Cuticle, Xylem, Pholoem, and a water vascular system. They contain phylas of Bryophyta, Pterlphyta, Gymonosperms, and Angiosperms which subdivdes into Monocots and Dicots. On the other hand, Fungi are multicelluar, heterotrophic, and mutualist organisms that contain hyphae, mycellium, fruiting body, and a spore. They contain Sac Fungi, Club Fungi, and bread molds. Then we start on learning about Invertebrates and their defining characteristics. Sponges are specialized cells that have no body symmetry and can reporduce asexually or sexually.  Cnidarians are the oldest existing group that have specialized cell tissues  and contain classes of Scyohozans, Anthozans, Hydrozans, and Carbozans. Flatworms have simple bilateral animals with an incomplete gut and include classes of planarians, flukes, and tapeworms.  Phylum Molluska share a Radulla, Mantle, and Cteridia, while Anellids contain segmented bodies. Anthropods are classified as trilobites and have joined appendages. They include Crustaceans that contain 2 distinct body sections and a head, thorax, and abdomen. Finally, Echinoderms have a water vascular system and can reproduce asexually and sexually. In Chordates, there are seven classes of vertebrates. Agnatha are one of the first recognizable vertebrates to have segmented bodies. Condricthyes are cartilage fish, and Osteicythes are bony fish. Amphibians contain an aquatic lavae of frogs and are very mobile. Next are Aves, which contained a fused collarbone and feathers, and finally, Mammalia are endotherms that have memory glands, and contain 3 modern groups, which are Montromeres, Marsuipals , and Euteherians.

On my "What on Earth Evolved" I thought the presentation was good overall since I maintained eye contact with the audience the whole time because I memorized what I said. But, I also need talk more about the pictures that I put in the presentation. Like Mr. Orre said, anyone can read the words out of the presentation whenever they want, but it is mainly about describing the pictures I put on the presentation. For my 20 time Ted talk, I need to make my lecture and presentation more of pictures than words.
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/19_VpgsarV1pKKBBpHpQQxAlEj7rwoHGQtjpY9SWXLMI/edit#slide=id.p